This is a hard rare metal and is found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in chemical compounds. It was identified as a new element in 1781,and first isolated as a metal in 1783.Its important ores include wolframite and scheelite.The free element is remarkable for its robustness, especially the fact that it has the highest melting point of all the elements discovered, melting at 3422 °C[6192°F ,3695K].It has the second highest point at 5930 °C [10706°F, 6203 K] Its high density is 93.3 times that of water, comparable to that of uranium and gold,and much higher[about 1.7 times] than that of lead. Poly crystalline tungsten is intrinsically brittle and hard material, making it difficult to work.Pure single crystalline tungsten is more ductile, and can be cut with a hard-steel hacksaw.
Tungsten’s many alloys have numerous applications, including incandescent light bulb filaments-ray tubes[as both the filament and target].electrodes in TIG welding,superalloy and radiation shielding.Tungsten’s hardness and high density,give it military applications in penetrating projectiles.Tungsten compounds are also often used as industrial catalysts.
Tungsten is the only metal from the third transition series that is known to occur in bio molecules, where it is used in a few species of bacteria and archaea.It is 0.2 grams[about the heaviest element known to be essential to any living organism.Tungsten interferes with molybdenum and copper metabolism and somewhat toxic to animal life.
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